Gusobanukirwa Ibivanze Byuzuye - Ibivanze bya beto nibintu bigoye ariko ni ngombwa cyane gusobanukirwa ibyo bivanga bihari nibyo bakora.
Ibivangwa nibintu bigize beto nibindi bitari hydraulic cimentitif ya hydraulic, amazi, igiteranyo cyangwa imbaraga za fibre zikoreshwa nkibigize imvange ya simaitima kugirango ihindure ibintu bishya bivanze, gushiraho cyangwa gukomera kandi byongewe mubyiciro mbere cyangwa mugihe kuvanga.
Amazi agabanya amazi atezimbere plastike ya beto (itose) nibintu bikomye, mugihe ibivanze-bigenzura bikoreshwa muri beto bigashyirwa kandi bikarangira mubindi bitari ubushyuhe bwiza.Byombi, iyo bikoreshejwe neza, bigira uruhare mubikorwa byiza byo gutondeka.

Mu nganda zubaka zigezweho, hepfo nizo zikoreshwa cyane zifatika.
●Amazi agabanya ibivanze
● Gukwirakwiza ibintu bifatika
● Shiraho Gusubira inyuma bifatika
Kwihutisha ibintu bifatika
● Ibikoresho byinjira mu kirere
Amazi arwanya beto
Gusubira inyuma, biteguye-gukoresha-Mortars
Gusasa beto ivanze
Ruswa ibuza ibintu bifatika
● Imvange ya beto

Amazi agabanya ibivanze
Kugabanya amazi ni ibikoresho kama-elegitoronike yumubiri, bigabanya ubwinshi bwamazi akenewe kugirango imirimo ikorwe bitagize ingaruka kubirere cyangwa gukiza beto.Bakora imirimo itatu:
Ongera imbaraga nigipimo cyinyungu zunguka.
Ubukungu muburyo bwo kuvanga no kugabanya ikirere cya karubone.
Kongera akazi.

Kurenza urugero
Amazi maremare agabanya ibivangwa byitwa superplasticising imvange ni sintetike, imiti ikomoka kumazi kama, mubisanzwe polymers, bigabanya cyane amazi asabwa kugirango ugere kumurongo runaka wa beto ya plastike.
Bagabanya amazi atagabanije imbaraga kubisabwa bikenewe cyane.Bongera kandi igihe kirekire.
Amazi maremare agabanya imiyoboro ikora muburyo busa n '' Ubusanzwe Amazi agabanya Amazi, ariko arakomeye cyane mubikorwa byo gukwirakwiza sima kandi birashobora gukoreshwa kumupanga mwinshi nta ngaruka mbi zidakenewe nko kwinjiza ikirere cyangwa kudindiza ibyashizweho.

Shiraho kudindiza ibintu bifatika
Shiraho ibyadindiza imiti ni imiti ikemura amazi itinda gushiraho sima.Ntabwo zikora plastike kuburyo bugaragara kandi ntizifite ingaruka nke cyangwa ntizishobora gukenerwa kumazi cyangwa ibindi bintu bya beto.
Shiraho uburyo bwo kugabanya amazi agabanya amazi ntibidindiza ishyirwaho rya sima gusa ahubwo binongere imikorere yambere muguhindura beto cyangwa kugabanya amazi.Ubwinshi bwibicuruzwa biboneka kubucuruzi bidindiza ni ubu bwoko.
Kurinda kugabanya amazi no kugabanya intera ndende igabanya amazi bamenyereye:
Gutinda igihe cyo gushiraho beto
Irinde gushiraho ingingo zikonje
Ongera ibikorwa byambere
Gutezimbere kugumana akazi kubikorwa bifatika Ongera imbaraga zanyuma.
Kora ubukungu mubishushanyo mbonera
Twabibutsa ko mugihe hakenewe retarder kugirango igumane ibitotsi.Kwiyongera kwingingo zidasanzwe ntabwo ubwabyo bitanga kugumya gusinzira kandi izindi mpinduka zivanze birashoboka.

Kwihutisha ibintu bifatika
Kwihutisha imvange birashobora gukoreshwa haba mukongera umuvuduko wo gukomera / gushiraho beto cyangwa kongera umuvuduko wo gukomera no kongera imbaraga hakiri kare kugirango yemererwe kubumba no kubikora mbere.Byihuta cyane bigera kuri imwe aho kuba iyo mirimo yombi.
Kwihuta bigira akamaro cyane mubushyuhe buke. Shiraho umuvuduko ni uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kugenzura igihe cyagenwe cya beto, ndetse nibirimo gusimbuza sima.
Kwihuta kandi bikoreshwa mukugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika mugukonjesha mugihe gikonje mugihe cyubukonje no kwemerera gukuraho hakiri kare imirimo yimikorere ariko twakagombye kumenya ko atari anti-freeze.Isura yagaragaye ya beto yakubiswe igomba gukomeza kurindwa no gukira neza.
Ku bushyuhe busanzwe, uburyo bwiza bwa tekiniki bwo kongera imbaraga hakiri kare ni ugukoresha amazi maremare.
Kugabanuka gukomeye (kurenza 15%) mubipimo bya sima y'amazi birashobora kurenza imbaraga zo kwikuramo kabiri kumyaka itarenze amasaha 24.Kwihuta birashobora gukoreshwa bifatanije na superplasticisers (<0.35 w / c ratio) aho imbaraga zimyaka zikenewe cyane.Cyane cyane ku bushyuhe bwo hasi.Niba bikenewe, ikoreshwa ryihuta rirashobora guhuzwa hamwe no kugabanya amazi maremare kugirango turusheho kuzamura iterambere ryimbaraga zombi haba mubushyuhe buke kandi busanzwe.
Ibindi bikorwa byihutisha imvange zirimo gusana byihutirwa byihutirwa no mubikorwa byo kurinda inyanja kugirango habeho gukomera hakiri kare muri zone tidal.

Umwuka winjiza ikirere
Umwuka winjira mu kirere ni imiti ikora hejuru itera uduce duto duto duto two guhumeka duhinduka kimwe binyuze muri beto ivanze.Ibibyimba ahanini biri munsi ya mm 1 ya diameter hamwe nigice kinini kiri munsi ya 0.3 mm.
Ibyiza byo kwinjiza umwuka muri beto harimo:
Kongera imbaraga zo kurwanya ibikorwa byo gukonjesha no gukonja
● Kongera ubumwe bivamo amaraso make no kuvanga amacakubiri.
Kunonosorwa neza muburyo buke bwo gukora.
Itanga ituze kuri beto yakuweho
● Itanga uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza hamwe no gufata neza ibikoresho byo kuryama.
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Amazi arwanya ibintu bifatika
Amazi arwanya imvange bakunze kwita 'kuvoma amazi' kandi birashobora no kwitwa permeability kugabanya 'imvange.Igikorwa cabo nyamukuru nukugabanya kwinjirira hejuru muri beto na / cyangwa kunyura mumazi binyuze muri beto ikomeye.Kugirango ubigereho, ibicuruzwa byinshi bikora muburyo bumwe cyangwa bwinshi muburyo bukurikira:
Kugabanya ingano, umubare nubukomezi bwimiterere ya capillary pore
Guhagarika imiterere ya capillary pore
Gutondekanya capillaries hamwe na hydrophobique kugirango wirinde amazi gukururwa no kwinjiza / capillary suction
Izi mvange 'zidakoresha amazi' zigabanya kwinjiza no gutwarwa n’amazi ukoresheje imiterere ya capillary ya paste ya sima.Ntibazagabanya cyane amazi yinjira mu gucamo cyangwa kunyura muri beto idahwitse ari imwe mu mpamvu zikunze gutuma amazi ava mu nyubako.
Amazi arwanya imiti yerekanwe kugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kwibyuma bishimangira ibyuma bifatika bitewe nibidukikije bikaze ariko ibi birashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bukwiye bwo kuvanga cyangwa guhuza ubwoko bukoreshwa.
Amazi arwanya imvange afite ubundi buryo bukoreshwa harimo kugabanya efflorescence, bishobora kuba ikibazo cyihariye mubintu bimwe na bimwe byabanjirije.

Yasubiye inyuma, yiteguye gukoresha minisiteri
Gusubira inyuma Biteguye-gukoresha-Mortars bishingiye ku guhuza plastike ya minisiteri (umwuka winjiza / guhuza plastike) hamwe na retarder.Ihuriro ryahinduwe kugirango ritange uburyo bwagutse bwo gukomeza, mubisanzwe kumasaha 36.Ariko, iyo minisiteri ishyizwe hagati yimyanya yububiko bwa masonry, gushiraho byihuta kandi minisiteri isanzwe.
Iyi mitungo yorohereza itangwa rya minisiteri kubibanza byubatswe nabatanga ibicuruzwa bivanze kandi bitanga inyungu zibanze zikurikira:
● Ubwiza Bwizewe bwo kugenzura ibipimo
Ibirimo ikirere gihoraho kandi gihamye
● Kugumana (gukora) gukora (kugeza amasaha 72.)
Kongera umusaruro
Kurandura ibikenewe kuvangwa no kubika ibikoresho kurubuga
●
Ibibujijwe ku ikoreshwa rya minisiteri idahwitse yiteguye-gukoresha-minisiteri yo kudoda no kuyikoresha, birambuye mu ngingo ya 4.6 na 4.7, igomba kwitonderwa.

Gusasa ibintu bifatika
Beto yamenetse isunikwa kugeza aho ikurikizwa hanyuma igahita ihindurizwa ahantu ku muvuduko mwinshi.Porogaramu zikunze guhagarikwa cyangwa hejuru kandi ibi bisaba gukomera byihuse niba gusinzira cyangwa gutakaza ukoresheje beto itandukanijwe na substrate munsi yuburemere bwayo igomba kwirindwa.Muguhuza porogaramu, beto yatewe akenshi ikoreshwa mugutanga inkunga hakiri kare kandi ibyo bisaba imbaraga ziterambere hakiri kare kimwe no gukomera byihuse.
Imvange irashobora gukoreshwa muri beto nshya kugirango itange ituze hamwe nigenzura mbere yo gutera.Noneho hiyongereyeho kwihuta kwihuta kuri spray nozzle, rheologiya nogushiraho beto biragenzurwa kugirango habeho kwiyubaka gushimishije kuri substrate hamwe nibikoresho byibuze bidafitanye isano bitera kwisubiraho.
Hariho inzira ebyiri:
Process Inzira yumye aho kuvanga amazi na yihuta byongewe kumashanyarazi yumye kuri
● gutera nozzle.
Process Inzira itose aho minisiteri cyangwa beto yashyizwe hamwe na stabilisateur / retarder mbere
Kuvoma kuri nozzle aho umuvuduko wongeyeho.

Inzira itose yabaye uburyo bwo guhitamo mugihe cya vuba kuko igabanya imyuka ihumanya, ingano yibintu byongera kandi igatanga beto igenzurwa kandi ihamye.

Ruswa ibuza ibintu bifatika
Gusobanukirwa Ibivanze bya beto - Ruswa ibuza ibivanze byongera passivation yo gukomera hamwe nibindi byuma byashizwe mubikorwa bya beto.Ibi birashobora kubuza inzira yo kwangirika mugihe kinini mugihe passivation yaba yaratakaye bitewe na chloride yinjira cyangwa karubone.
Ruswa ibuza ibivanze byongewe kuri beto mugihe cyo kubyara byitwa "integral" inhibitor inhibitor.Inhibitori yimuka yimuka nayo irahari ishobora gukoreshwa kuri beto ikomye ariko ntabwo ari imvange.
Impamvu zikunze kugaragara zitera imbaraga zo kwangirika ni ugutera ruswa bitewe no kwinjiza ioni ya chloride binyuze muri beto itwikiriye hanyuma ikwirakwizwa kugeza kumashanyarazi.Nubwo inzitizi zibuza ruswa zishobora kuzamura urwego rwibyuma, ntabwo aruburyo bwo gukora beto idashobora kwangirika, iramba igabanya ikwirakwizwa rya chloride.
Carbone ya beto itera kugabanuka kwa alkaline ikikije ibyuma kandi ibyo bigatera igihombo cya passivation nayo ishobora kuvamo ruswa muri rusange.Inhibitori ya ruswa irashobora gufasha kwirinda ubu buryo bwo gutera.
Inhibitori ya ruswa irashobora kugabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo gufata neza ibyuma byubatswe byubatswe mubuzima busanzwe bwa serivisi yimyaka 30 - 40.Imiterere cyane cyane ishobora guhura nibibazo byugarije ibidukikije byo mu nyanja cyangwa ibindi bihe aho chloride yinjira muri beto.Izo nyubako zirimo ibiraro, tunel, inganda zinganda, jetties, ikibuga, dolphine hamwe ninkuta zinyanja.Imiterere yimihanda irashobora kwangizwa no gukoresha umunyu wa de-icing mugihe cyimbeho, kimwe na parikingi yimodoka yamagorofa menshi aho amazi yuzuye umunyu ava mumodoka hanyuma akavamo igisate hasi.

Ifumbire ya beto
Gusobanukirwa Ibivanze bya beto - Ifumbire ya beto ifatanyijemo ni surfactants ivangwa namazi mbere yo kunyuza igisubizo binyuze mumashanyarazi itanga ifuro itanga ifuro rihamye, risa na kogosha.Uru rufunzo rwambere rwahujwe na minisiteri ya sima mu bwinshi itanga ubucucike bukenewe muri minisiteri ifuro (bakunze kwita beto ifuro).
Ubucucike Bwuzuye Bwuzuzanya nabwo ni surfactants ariko byongewemo neza mumucanga ukungahaye, sima nkeya ya beto kugirango itange umwuka wa 15 kugeza kuri 25%.Ubu bucucike buke;nanone yitwa Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM), ifite ibintu byiza bitemba kandi ugasanga ikoreshwa muburyo bwo kuzuza imiyoboro hamwe nibindi bisa nimbaraga nke zuzuye zuzuza akazi.

Kubindi bisobanuro no gusaba ibisobanuro, nyamuneka hamagara itsinda ryacu ryo kugurisha.